How does 'dominica potestas' differ from 'patria potestas'?

The term 'dominica potestas' refers specifically to the authority and power that a master has over his slaves. It grants the master certain rights related to the management and control of their slaves, including the ability to make legal decisions on their behalf. In contrast, 'patria potestas' is the power or authority a father has over his children and descendants, which encompasses not only family governance but also the legal rights over the person's property and decisions until they reach a certain age or status.

Understanding this distinction is crucial because it reflects the structure of Roman society where distinction between the authority exerted over slaves and that over one's biological children was significant. The framework of these concepts illustrates how family roles and relationships were perceived differently depending on the status of individuals within society. This selective power dynamic showcases how societal norms influenced legal definitions and practices in ancient Rome.