Which priests interpreted the will of the gods by observing birds?

The priests who interpreted the will of the gods by observing birds were known as Augures. This practice, called augury, involved watching the flight patterns, sounds, and behaviors of birds to glean insights into divine intentions and omens. The Augures played a crucial role in Roman religion, providing guidance on important decisions such as military campaigns, public policies, and state rituals based on their observations.

Flamines were also priests in Roman culture, specifically dedicated to particular deities, and they conducted rituals and sacrifices but did not focus on bird observations. Salii were priests associated with the worship of Mars, responsible for performing dances and rituals during certain festivals, but they did not specialize in interpreting omens from birds. Vestal Virgins were important priestesses dedicated to Vesta, the goddess of the hearth, and their duties revolved around maintaining the sacred fire and serving the goddess, rather than interpreting omens. Therefore, the specific role of interpreting the will of the gods through bird observation distinctly identifies the Augures within the Roman religious framework.